Java Graphics: Code Snippets, Musings, and Discoveries

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static interface ScalingReader {
 public Image create(Dimension originalSize,Dimension maxSize) throws Throwable;
   public String getName();
 }
}
ScalingReader singlePassReader = new ScalingReader() {
 public Image create(Dimension originalSize,Dimension maxSize) throws Throwable {
   URL url = getImageURL();
   return GenericImageSinglePassIterator.createScaledImage( url, maxSize);
 }

 public String getName() {
   return "singlePassReader";
 }
};
ScalingReader scalingGraphicsReader = new ScalingReader() {
 Component component = new JPanel();
 MediaTracker mediaTracker = new MediaTracker(component);
 public Image create(Dimension originalSize,Dimension maxSize) throws Throwable {
   Dimension newSize = Scaling.scaleDimensionsProportionally(originalSize, maxSize);

   URL url = getImageURL();
   Image image = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage(url);
   mediaTracker.addImage(image, 0);
   mediaTracker.waitForAll();

   BufferedImage thumbnail = new BufferedImage(newSize.width, newSize.height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
   Graphics2D g = thumbnail.createGraphics();
   g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION,  RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR);
   g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
   g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, newSize.width, newSize.height, null);
   g.dispose();

   mediaTracker.removeImage(image);
   image.flush();

   return thumbnail;
 }

 public String getName() {
   return "scalingGraphicsReader";
 }
};
ScalingReader transformReader = new ScalingReader() {
 Component component = new JPanel();
 MediaTracker mediaTracker = new MediaTracker(component);
 public Image create(Dimension originalSize,Dimension maxSize) throws Throwable {
   Dimension newSize = Scaling.scaleDimensionsProportionally(originalSize, maxSize);

   URL url = getImageURL();
   Image image = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage(url);
   mediaTracker.addImage(image, 0);
   mediaTracker.waitForAll();

   BufferedImage thumbnail = new BufferedImage(newSize.width, newSize.height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
   Graphics2D g = thumbnail.createGraphics();
   double scale = ((double)newSize.width)/((double)originalSize.width);
   g.scale(scale, scale);
   g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_INTERPOLATION_BILINEAR);
   g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
   g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
   g.dispose();

   mediaTracker.removeImage(image);
   image.flush();

   return thumbnail;
 }

 public String getName() {
   return "transformReader";
 }
};
ScalingReader scaledInstanceReader = new ScalingReader() {
 Component component = new JPanel();
 MediaTracker mediaTracker = new MediaTracker(component);
 public Image create(Dimension originalSize,Dimension maxSize) throws Throwable {
   Dimension newSize = Scaling.scaleDimensionsProportionally(originalSize, maxSize);

   URL url = getImageURL();
   Image image = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage(url);
   mediaTracker.addImage(image, 0);
   mediaTracker.waitForID(0);

   Image image2 = image.getScaledInstance(newSize.width, newSize.height, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
   mediaTracker.addImage(image2, 1);
   mediaTracker.waitForID(1);

   mediaTracker.removeImage(image);
   mediaTracker.removeImage(image2);
   image.flush();

   return image2;
 }

 public String getName() {
   return "scaledInstanceReader";
 }
};
ScalingReader replicateScaleFilter = new ScalingReader() {
 Component component = new JPanel();
 MediaTracker mediaTracker = new MediaTracker(component);
 public Image create(Dimension originalSize,Dimension maxSize) throws Throwable {
   Dimension newSize = Scaling.scaleDimensionsProportionally(originalSize, maxSize);

   URL url = getImageURL();
   Image image = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage(url);
   mediaTracker.addImage(image, 0);
   mediaTracker.waitForAll();

   ImageProducer producer = image.getSource();
   ImageFilter scalingFilter = new ReplicateScaleFilter(newSize.width, newSize.height);
   ImageProducer scaledProducer = new FilteredImageSource(producer, scalingFilter);
   Image image2 = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage(scaledProducer);

   mediaTracker.addImage(image2, 1);
   mediaTracker.waitForID(1);

   mediaTracker.removeImage(image);
   mediaTracker.removeImage(image2);

   return image2;
 }

 public String getName() {
   return "replicateScaleFilter";
 }
};
ScalingReader areaAveragingScaleFilter = new ScalingReader() {
 Component component = new JPanel();
 MediaTracker mediaTracker = new MediaTracker(component);
 public Image create(Dimension originalSize,Dimension maxSize) throws Throwable {
   Dimension newSize = Scaling.scaleDimensionsProportionally(originalSize, maxSize);

   URL url = getImageURL();
   Image image = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage(url);
   mediaTracker.addImage(image, 0);
   mediaTracker.waitForAll();

   ImageProducer producer = image.getSource();
   ImageFilter scalingFilter = new AreaAveragingScaleFilter(newSize.width, newSize.height);
   ImageProducer scaledProducer = new FilteredImageSource(producer, scalingFilter);
   Image image2 = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage(scaledProducer);

   mediaTracker.addImage(image2, 1);
   mediaTracker.waitForID(1);

   mediaTracker.removeImage(image);
   mediaTracker.removeImage(image2);

   return image2;
 }

 public String getName() {
   return "areaAveragingScaleFilter";
 }
};
final ImageReader reader = (ImageReader)ioReaderList.get(a);
ScalingReader imageIOReader = new ScalingReader() {
 public Image create(Dimension originalSize,Dimension maxSize) throws Throwable {
   URL url = getImageURL();
   Dimension newSize = Scaling.scaleDimensionsProportionally(originalSize, maxSize);
   InputStream in = url.openStream();
   try {
     ImageInputStream imageIn = ImageIO.createImageInputStream( in );
     reader.setInput(imageIn);
     int w = reader.getWidth(0);
     int h = reader.getHeight(0);

     int sub = 1;
     if (w>h)
       sub = MathG.ceilInt(w/maxSize.getWidth());
     else
       sub = MathG.ceilInt(h/maxSize.getHeight());

     BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(newSize.width, newSize.height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

     ImageReadParam param = reader.getDefaultReadParam();
     param.setSourceSubsampling(sub,sub,0,0);
     param.setDestination(bi);
     return reader.read(0,param);
   } finally {
     in.close();
   }
 }

 public String getName() {
   if(ioReaderList.size()==1) {
     return "imageIOReader";
   } else {
     String s = reader.getClass().getName();
     if(s.indexOf('.')!=-1) {
     s = s.substring(s.lastIndexOf('.')+1);
     }
     return "imageIOReader<"+s+">";
   }
 }
};
Graphics2D g;
Shape myShape;
...
double dx = Math.cos(angle);
double dy = Math.sin(angle);
for(int height = 0; height < 30; height++) {
   g.translate(height*dx, height*dy);
   g.fill(myShape);
   g.translate(-height*dx, -height*dy);
}
GeneralPath blockShadow = new GeneralPath();
CalligraphyPathWriter writer = 
     new CalligraphyPathWriter(angle, 0, height, blockShadow);
writer.write(myShape);
g.fill(blockShadow);
public interface Vectorizer {
 public void add(float x,float y,long t);
 public void reset();
 public GeneralPath getShape();
 public void getShape(GeneralPath path);
 public boolean isEmpty();
}
currentPoint = 0;
while more points remain:
 lastPoint = currentPoint + 1;
 create cubic arc from currentPoint to lastPoint
 while arc is within the allowed error:
  lastPoint++;
  create cubic arc from currentPoint to lastPoint
 write arc
 currentPoint = lastPoint;

public static BufferedImage createThumbnail(InputStream bmp,
Dimension maxSize) throws IOException {
   PixelIterator i = BmpDecoderIterator.get(bmp);
   int srcW = i.getWidth();
   int srcH = i.getHeight();

   float widthRatio = ((float)maxSize.width)/((float)srcW);
   float heightRatio = ((float)maxSize.height)/((float)srcH);
   float ratio = Math.min(widthRatio, heightRatio);

   if(ratio<1) {
     i = ScalingIterator.get(i, ratio);
   }
   return BufferedImageIterator.create( i, null );
}
OS = Mac OS X (10.5.8), i386
Java Version = 1.5.0_24
apple.awt.graphics.UseQuartz = false

Running Thumbnail Tests...
BmpThumbnail: 72 ms, 332944 bytes RAM
ImageIO: 1065 ms, 23317200 bytes RAM

Running Encode Tests...
BmpEncoder: 585 ms, 332952 bytes RAM, 22987298 bytes file
ImageIO: 649 ms, 14932160 bytes RAM, 22987326 bytes file

BufferedImage thumb = new BufferedImage( (int)(source.getWidth()*scale), (int)(source.getHeight()*scale), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB );
Graphics2D g = thumb.createGraphics();
g.scale(scaleFactor, scaleFactor);
g.drawImage(source, 0, 0, null);
g.dispose()
for(int nodeIndex = 0; nodeIndex < myPath.getNodeCount(); nodeIndex++) {
 myPath.getNode(nodeIndex, dest);
 //do something
}
for(int pathIndex = 0; pathIndex < myPath.getPathCount(); pathIndex++) {
 for(int nodeIndex = 0; nodeIndex < myPath.getNodeCount(); nodeIndex++) {
  myPath.getNode(pathIndex, nodeIndex, dest);
  //do something
 }
}
setNextControlForNodeFromPrev(int nodeIndex,boolean includeDistance);
setPrevControlForNodeFromNext(int nodeIndex,boolean includeDistance);
reader.getNumThumbnails(imageIndex);
int thumbailIndex = 0;
BufferedImage bi;
bi = reader.readThumbnail(imageIndex, thumbnailIndex);
Iterator iterator = ImageIO.getImageReadersBySuffix("jpeg");
while(iterator.hasNext()) {
 ImageReader reader = (ImageReader)iterator.next();
 try {
  reader.setInput( ImageIO.createImageInputStream(jpeg) );
  BufferedImage thumbnail = reader.readThumbnail(0, 0);
 } catch(Exception e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
 }
}
GeneralPath path = new GeneralPath();
path.append(myPathIterator, false);
f(0) = v0
f(1) = v1
df/dt(0) = dv0
df/dt(1) = dv1
double ax = -lastX+3*x1-3*x2+x3;
double bx = 3*lastX-6*x1+3*x2;
double cx = -3*lastX+3*x1;
double dx = lastX;
//and x(t) = ax*(t^3)+bx*(t^2)+cx*t+dx
//and dx/dt(t) = 3*ax*(t^2)+2*bx*t+cx
x(0) = dx
x(1) = ax+bx+cx+dx
dx/dt(0) = cx
dx/dt(1) = 3*ax+2*bx+cx
x(0) = lastX
x(1) = x3
dx/dt(0) = -3*lastX+3*x1
dx/dt(1) = -3*x2+3*x3
lastX = x(0)
x3 = x(1)
x1 = (dx/dt(0)+3*x(0))/3
x2 = (3*x(1)-dx/dt(1))/3
protected abstract double getX(double t);
protected abstract double getY(double t);
protected abstract double getDX(double t);
protected abstract double getDY(double t);
x(t) = centerX+coilGap*t*cos(2*pi*t)
y(t) = centerY+coilGap*t*sin(2*pi*t)
dx/dt = coilGap*cos(2*pi*t)-2*pi*coilGap*t*sin(2*pi*t)
dy/dt = coilGap*sin(2*pi*t)-2*pi*coilGap*t*cos(2*pi*t)
protected double getDX(double t) {
   double incr = .0000001;
   return (getX(v+incr/2)-getX(v-incr/2))/incr;
}
protected double getMaxT() {
   return coils;
}

protected double getNextT(double t) {
   //8 partitions in a coil
   return t + 1.0/8.0;
}
P(t) = B(2,0)*CP + B(2,1)*P1 + B(2,2)*P2
       0 <= t <= 1

B(n,m) = mth coefficient of nth degree Bernstein polynomial
       = C(n,m) * t^(m) * (1 - t)^(n-m)
C(n,m) = Combinations of n things, taken m at a time
       = n! / (m! * (n-m)!)
B(n,m) = mth coefficient of nth degree Bernstein polynomial
       = [ ( n! / (m! * (n-m)!) ) * t^(m) * (1 - t)^(n-m) ]
P(t) = [ ( 2! / (0! * (2-0)!) ) * t^(0) * (1 - t)^(2-0) ]* CP +
       [ ( 2! / (1! * (2-1)!) ) * t^(1) * (1 - t)^(2-1) ] * P1 +
       [ ( 2! / (2! * (2-2)!) ) * t^(2) * (1 - t)^(2-2) ] * P2
P(t) = (1 - 2*t + t^2) * CP +
       [ (2*t - 2*t^2) ] * P1 +
       [ t^(2) ] * P2
P(t) = (CP-2*P1+P2)*(t^2) +
       (-2*CP+2*P1)*t +
       CP
double ax = lastX-2*x1+x2;
double bx = -2*lastX+2*x1;
double cx = lastX;
P(t) = B(3,0)*CP + B(3,1)*P1 + B(3,2)*P2 + B(3,3)*P3
0 <= t <= 1

B(n,m) = mth coefficient of nth degree Bernstein polynomial
       = C(n,m) * t^(m) * (1 - t)^(n-m)
C(n,m) = Combinations of n things, taken m at a time
       = n! / (m! * (n-m)!)
P(t) = [ 3! / (0! * (3-0)!) * t^(0) * (1 - t)^(3-0) ] * CP +
       [ 3! / (1! * (3-1)!) * t^(1) * (1 - t)^(3-1) ] * P1 +
       [ 3! / (2! * (3-2)!) * t^(2) * (1 - t)^(3-2) ] * P2 +
       [ 3! / (3! * (3-3)!) * t^(3) * (1 - t)^(3-3) ] * P3 
P(t) = [ (1 - t)^3 ] * CP +
       [ 3 * t^(1) * (1 - t)^2 ] * P1 +
       [ 3 * t^(2) * (1 - t)^1 ] * P2 +
       [ t^(3) ] * P3 
P(t) = [ (1 - 3*t + 3*t^2 - t^3) ] * CP +
       [ (3*t - 6*t^2 + 3*t^3) ] * P1 +
       [ (3*t^2 - 3*t^3)^1 ] * P2 +
       [ t^(3) ] * P3 
P(t) = [-CP+3*P1-3*P2+P3]*(t^3) + 
       [3*CP-6*P1+3*P2]*(t^2) +
       [-3*CP+3P1]*t +
       CP
double ax = -lastX+3*x1-3*x2+x3;
double bx = 3*lastX-6*x1+3*x2;
double cx = -3*lastX+3*x1;
double dx = lastX;
textField.putClientProperty( "JTextField.variant", "search");
textField.putClientProperty( "JTextField.Search.Prompt", prompt);
public class PromptTextField extends JTextField {
       static FocusListener focusListener = new FocusListener() {
             public void focusGained(FocusEvent e) {
                   PromptTextField src = (PromptTextField)e.getSource();
                   if(src.state==STATE_PROMPT) {
                         src.setState(STATE_NORMAL);
                   }
             }

             public void focusLost(FocusEvent e) {
                   PromptTextField src = (PromptTextField)e.getSource();
                   if(src.getText().length()==0)
                         src.setState(STATE_PROMPT);
             }
       };
       private static final int STATE_UNDEFINED = 0;
       private static final int STATE_NORMAL = 1;
       private static final int STATE_PROMPT = 2;

       private Color normalColor = SystemColor.textText;
       protected Color promptColor = Color.gray;
       protected String promptText;
       private int state = STATE_UNDEFINED;

       public PromptTextField(String text, String prompt, int columns) {
             super(text, columns);
             promptText = prompt;
             normalColor = getForeground();
             addFocusListener(focusListener);
             if(text.length()==0) {
                   setState(STATE_PROMPT);
             } else {
                   setState(STATE_NORMAL);
             }
       }

       public String getText() {
             if(state==STATE_PROMPT) {
                   return "";
             }
             return super.getText();
       }

       private void setState(int s) {
             if(s==state)
                   return;
             state = s;
             if(s==STATE_PROMPT) {
                   if(state==STATE_NORMAL && getText().length()>0)
                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("the state should not be set to STATE_PROMPT if there is text already in the text field (\""+getText()+"\")");
                   super.setForeground(promptColor);
                   super.setText(promptText);
             } else if(s==STATE_NORMAL) {
                   super.setForeground(normalColor);
                   super.setText("");
             }
       }

       public void setText(String s) {
             if(state==STATE_UNDEFINED) {
                   super.setText(s);
                   return;
             }
             if(s==null) s = "";
             if(hasFocus() || s.length()>0) {
                   state = STATE_NORMAL;
                   super.setForeground(normalColor);
                   super.setText(s);
             } else if(s.length()==0) {
                   state = STATE_PROMPT;
                   super.setForeground(promptColor);
                   super.setText(promptText);
             }
       }
}
public class TextFieldPrompt extends JTextField {
     public TextFieldPrompt(JTextField parent,
         Color promptColor,
         String promptText) {
         super(promptText);

         if(promptColor==null)
             promptColor = Color.gray;

         parent.add(this);

         setFocusable(false);
         setEditable(false);
         setForeground(promptColor);
         setOpaque(false);

         ... install listeners & UI ...
     }

     public void paint(Graphics g) {
         Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g;
         g2 = new TextOnlyGraphics2D( g2, null );
         super.paint( g2 );
     }

     public boolean contains(int x, int y) {
         return false;
     }
}
public Raster getRaster(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
     WritableRaster raster = (WritableRaster)context.getRaster(x, y, w, h);
     ...
     double[] matrix = new double[6];
     transform.getMatrix(matrix);
     for(int y2 = 0; y2 < h; y2++) {
         raster.getDataElements(0, y2, w, 1, data);

         for(int x2 = 0; x2 < data.length; x2++) {
             double x3 = x2+x;
             double y3 = y2+y;

             // apply the transform manually:
             y3 = matrix[1]*x3+matrix[3]*y3+matrix[5];

             if(y3 < 1) {
                 data[x2] = color1;
             } else if(y3 >= distance-1) {
                 data[x2] = color2;
             }
         }

         raster.setDataElements(0, y2, w, 1, data);
      }
      return raster;
}

PaintContext context = currentPaint.createContext(ColorModel.getRGBdefault(), 
    rect, rect, getTransform(), oldHints);
BufferedImage scratchImage = getScratchImage(rect.width, rect.height);
WritableRaster paintRaster = (WritableRaster)context.getRaster(rect.x, rect.y, rect.width, rect.height);
BufferedImage newImage = new BufferedImage(context.getColorModel(), paintRaster, false, null);
Graphics2D g = scratchImage.createGraphics();
g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.Clear);
g.fillRect(0, 0, rect.width, rect.height);
g.translate(-rect.x, -rect.y);
g.transform( myTransform );
g.setColor(Color.black);
g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.SrcOver);
g.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, 
    RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
g.fill(s);
g.setTransform(identityTransform);
g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.SrcIn);
g.drawImage(newImage, 0, 0, null);
g.dispose();
drawImage(scratchImage, 
    rect.x, rect.y, rect.x+rect.width, rect.y+rect.height, 
    0, 0, rect.width, rect.height, 
    null, null);
newImage.flush();
myButton.putClientProperty( HORIZONTAL_POSITION, LEFT );
myButton.putClientProperty( VERTICAL_POSITION, BOTTOM );
myButton.putClientProperty(SHAPE, new Ellipse2D.Float(0,0,100,100));
public void layoutContainer(Container parent) {
    super.layoutContainer(parent);
    nudgeVertically(parent);
    nudgeHorizontally(parent);
}
TEST NAME                     NORMAL (ms) OPTIMIZED (ms) %      
P drawGlyphVector() Test      7804        2087           26.74% 
P fill() Clipping Test        36          7              19.44% 
P drawImage() Background Test 30          25             83.33% 
P clip() Test                 73          62             84.93% 
P getClipBounds() Test        68          5              7.35%
TEST NAME                     NORMAL (ms) OPTIMIZED (ms) %      
P drawGlyphVector() Test      7253        2084           28.73% 
P fill() Clipping Test        20          4              20.0%  
F drawImage() Background Test 25          25             100.0% 
P clip() Test                 72          60             83.33% 
P getClipBounds() Test        51          5              9.8%
TEST NAME                     NORMAL (ms) OPTIMIZED (ms) %       
F drawGlyphVector() Test      273         1297           475.09% 
P fill() Clipping Test        51          4              7.84%   
F drawImage() Background Test 62          63             101.61% 
P clip() Test                 71          59             83.09%  
P getClipBounds() Test        50          5              10.0%
TEST NAME                     NORMAL (ms) OPTIMIZED (ms) %       
F drawGlyphVector() Test      189         888            469.84% 
P fill() Clipping Test        23          2              8.69%   
F drawImage() Background Test 32          32             100.0%  
P clip() Test                 66          45             68.18%  
P getClipBounds() Test        21          2              9.52%
TEST NAME                     NORMAL (ms) OPTIMIZED (ms) %      
P drawGlyphVector() Test      6177        1635           26.46% 
P fill() Clipping Test        14          2              14.28% 
F drawImage() Background Test 20          21             105.0% 
P clip() Test                 71          45             63.38% 
P getClipBounds() Test        21          2              9.52%
TEST NAME                     NORMAL (ms) OPTIMIZED (ms) %       
F drawGlyphVector() Test      170         389            228.82% 
P fill() Clipping Test        22          1              4.54%   
F drawImage() Background Test 76          77             101.31% 
P clip() Test                 76          55             72.36%  
P getClipBounds() Test        29          2              6.89%
TEST NAME                     NORMAL (ms) OPTIMIZED (ms) %       
F drawGlyphVector() Test      156         1263           809.61% 
P fill() Clipping Test        31          0              0.0%    
F drawImage() Background Test 47          47             100.0%  
P clip() Test                 62          47             75.8%   
P getClipBounds() Test        31          0              0.0%
WindowList.getFrames(true, false, true)[0].toFront();
g.drawImage(img1, 0, 0, null);
g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_OVER,t));
g.drawImage(img2, 0, 0, null);
g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_OVER,1-t));
g.drawImage(img1, 0, 0, null);
g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_OVER,t));
g.drawImage(img2, 0, 0, null);
g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_OVER,1-t*t));
g.drawImage(img1, 0, 0, null);
g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_OVER,1-(1-t)*(1-t)));
g.drawImage(img2, 0, 0, null);
g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_OVER,1-t)); 
g.drawImage(img1, 0, 0, null); 
g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_OVER,t)); 
g.drawImage(img2, 0, 0, null); 
float total = 1-t+t*t; 
g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_IN,
  (float)(Math.pow(total,.2)))); 
g.drawImage(img1, 0, 0, null); 
g.drawImage(img2, 0, 0, null); 
g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_OVER,1-t)); 
g.drawImage(img1, 0, 0, null); 
g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.getInstance(AlphaComposite.SRC_OVER,t)); 
g.drawImage(img2, 0, 0, null); 

class AWTRunnable implements Runnable {
   boolean flag;

   public void run() {
      flag = true;
   }
}

Thread myThread = new Thread() {
   public void run() {
      AWTRunnable awtRunnable = new AWTRunnable();
      while(true) {
         idle();
         awtRunnable.flag = false;
         SwingUtilities.invokeLater(awtRunnable);
         long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
  while(awtRunnable.flag==false) {
            idle();
            long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
            if(time-start>acceptedDelay)
               dumpThreadsAndPanic();
         }
      }
   }
};

AWTMonitor.installAWTListener("My Application Name", false);
AWTMonitor.addPanicListener(myPanicListener);

public class TransformedTexturePaint extends TexturePaint {
   AffineTransform transform;

   public TransformedTexturePaint(BufferedImage txtr, 
       Rectangle2D anchor,
       AffineTransform transform) {
     super(txtr, anchor);
     if(transform==null) transform = new AffineTransform();
     this.transform = new AffineTransform(transform);
   }

   public AffineTransform getTransform() {
     return transform;
   }

   public PaintContext createContext(ColorModel cm,
       Rectangle deviceBounds,
       Rectangle2D userBounds,
       AffineTransform xform,
       RenderingHints hints) {
     AffineTransform newTransform = new AffineTransform(xform);
     newTransform.concatenate(transform);
     return super.createContext(cm, deviceBounds, userBounds, newTransform, hints);
   }
}
Hashtable attributes = new Hashtable();
attributes.put( TextAttribute.FONT, getFont());
String text = getText();

FontRenderContext frc = isMac ? 
   new FontRenderContext(new AffineTransform(),true,true) :
   new FontRenderContext(new AffineTransform(),false,false);

String[] paragraphs = getParagraphs(text);
int rows = 0;
for(int a = 0; a < paragraphs.length; a++) {
   int textLength = paragraphs[a].length();
   AttributedString attrString = new AttributedString( paragraphs[a], attributes);

   LineBreakMeasurer lbm = new LineBreakMeasurer(attrString.getIterator(),frc);

   int pos = 0;
   while(pos < textLength) {
     pos = lbm.nextOffset(fixedWidth);
     lbm.setPosition(pos);
     rows++;
   }
}
int extraPixels = 0;
f(isXP) { //allow for descents
   extraPixels = (int)(getFont().getLineMetrics("g", frc).getDescent()+1);
}
return new Dimension(fixedWidth, rows*rowHeight+extra);
Image image = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage("NSImage://NSSlideshowTemplate"))
Color newColor = ColorPicker.showDialog(myFrame, originalColor);
public static Rectangle2D getBounds() {
 Rectangle2D bounds;
 float[] f = new float[6];

 float lastX = 0;
 float lastY = 0;

 float a, b, c, d;

 float t, x, y, det;
 while(i.isDone()==false) {
  int k = i.currentSegment(f);
  if(k==PathIterator.SEG_MOVETO) {
   bounds.add(f[0], f[1]);
   lastX = f[0];
   lastY = f[1];
  } else if(k==PathIterator.SEG_CLOSE) {
   //as long as the last segment and the moveTo were
   //recorded: we're fine.
  } else if(k==PathIterator.SEG_LINETO) {
   //add the end point:
   bounds.add(f[0], f[1]);

   lastX = f[0];
   lastY = f[1];
  } else if(k==PathIterator.SEG_QUADTO) {
   //add the end point:
   bounds.add(f[2], f[3]);

   //this curve might have extrema:
   a = lastX-2*f[0]+f[2];
   b = -2*lastX+2*f[0];
   c = lastX;

   t = -b/(2*a);
   if(t>0 && t<1) {
    bounds.addX(a*t*t+b*t+c);
   }

   a = lastY-2*f[1]+f[3];
   b = -2*lastY+2*f[1];
   c = lastY;
   t = -b/(2*a);
   if(t>0 && t<1) {
    bounds.addY(a*t*t+b*t+c);
   }
   lastX = f[2];
   lastY = f[3];
  } else if(k==PathIterator.SEG_CUBICTO) {
   //add the end point:
   bounds.add(f[4], f[5]);

   //this curve might have extrema:

   //f = a*t*t*t+b*t*t+c*t+d
   //df/dt = 3*a*t*t+2*b*t+c

   //A = 3*a, B = 2*b, C = c
   //t = [-B+-sqrt(B^2-4*A*C)]/(2A)
   //t = (-2*b+-sqrt(4*b*b-12*a*c)]/(6*a)

   a = -lastX+3*f[0]-3*f[2]+f[4];
   b = 3*lastX-6*f[0]+3*f[2];
   c = -3*lastX+3*f[0];
   d = lastX;

   det = (4*b*b-12*a*c);
   if(det<0) {
    //there are no solutions!  nothing to do here
   } else if(det==0) {
    //there is 1 solution
    t = -2*b/(6*a);
    if(t>0 && t<1) {
     x = a*t*t*t+b*t*t+c*t+d;
     bounds.addX(x);
    }
   } else {
    //there are 2 solutions:
    det = (float)Math.sqrt(det);
    t = (-2*b+det)/(6*a);
    if(t>0 && t<1) {
     x = a*t*t*t+b*t*t+c*t+d;
     bounds.addX(x);
    }

    t = (-2*b-det)/(6*a);
    if(t>0 && t<1) {
     x = a*t*t*t+b*t*t+c*t+d;
     bounds.addX(x);
    }
   }

   //do the same thing for y:

   a = -lastY+3*f[1]-3*f[3]+f[5];
   b = 3*lastY-6*f[1]+3*f[3];
   c = -3*lastY+3*f[1];
   d = lastY;

   det = (4*b*b-12*a*c);
   if(det<0) {
    //there are no solutions!  nothing to do here
   } else if(det==0) {
    //there is 1 solution
    t = -2*b/(6*a);
    if(t>0 && t<1) {
     y = a*t*t*t+b*t*t+c*t+d;
     bounds.addY(y);
    }
   } else {
    //there are 2 solutions:
    det = (float)Math.sqrt(det);
    t = (-2*b+det)/(6*a);
    if(t>0 && t<1) {
     y = a*t*t*t+b*t*t+c*t+d;
     bounds.addY(y);
    }

    t = (-2*b-det)/(6*a);
    if(t>0 && t<1) {
     y = a*t*t*t+b*t*t+c*t+d;
     bounds.addY(y);
    }
   }

   lastX = f[4];
   lastY = f[5];
  }
  i.next();
 }

 return bounds;
}
time for a 5-curve using ShapeBounds.getBounds(): 0 ms
time for a 5-curve using an Area: 2 ms
time for a 15-curve using ShapeBounds.getBounds(): 0 ms
time for a 15-curve using an Area: 16 ms
time for a 25-curve using ShapeBounds.getBounds(): 0 ms
time for a 25-curve using an Area: 66 ms
time for a 35-curve using ShapeBounds.getBounds(): 0 ms
time for a 35-curve using an Area: 153 ms
time for a 45-curve using ShapeBounds.getBounds(): 0 ms
time for a 45-curve using an Area: 297 ms
time for a 55-curve using ShapeBounds.getBounds(): 0 ms
time for a 55-curve using an Area: 530 ms
time for a 65-curve using ShapeBounds.getBounds(): 0 ms
time for a 65-curve using an Area: 833 ms

myBufferedImage.getRaster().getDataBuffer();
myBufferedImage.getSource().addImageConsumer(c);
Regular Test Time (1): 6
Unmanaged Test Time (1): 11494
Regular Test Time (2): 5
Unmanaged Test Time (2): 11384
Unmanaged Test time (2): 10129
OS = Mac OS X (10.5.8), i386
Java Version = 1.4.2_22
apple.awt.graphics.UseQuartz = false
ImageLoader Tests:
File: /Users/bricolage1/Pictures/chinese-leopard_1382004i.jpg
Dimensions: 560x380
 Creating a BufferedImage:
MediaTracker took 30 ms, 2919272 bytes
ImageLoader took 23 ms, 2023776 bytes (creating TYPE_INT_ARGB)
(So ImageLoader took 76% of the time, and 69% of the memory)
ImageIO took 125 ms, 829272 bytes (creating TYPE_3BYTE_BGR)
(So ImageLoader took 18% of the time, and 244% of the memory)
OS = Mac OS X (10.5.8), x86_64
Java Version = 1.6.0_17
apple.awt.graphics.UseQuartz = false
ImageLoader Tests:
File: /Users/bricolage1/Pictures/chinese-leopard_1382004i.jpg
Dimensions: 560x380
 Creating a BufferedImage:
MediaTracker took 17 ms, 3033536 bytes
ImageLoader took 16 ms, 2171128 bytes (creating TYPE_INT_ARGB)
(So ImageLoader took 94% of the time, and 71% of the memory)
ImageIO took 84 ms, 7224784 bytes (creating TYPE_3BYTE_BGR)
(So ImageLoader took 19% of the time, and 30% of the memory)

Environment	Math.ceil() ms	MathG.floorInt() ms
Windows XP 5.1, Java 1.6.0_13	172	16
Linux 2.6.27.7-9-pae, Java 1.6.0_0	42	11
Mac OS X 10.5.7, Java 1.6.0_07	31	0

Java Graphics: Code Snippets, Musings, and Discoveries

Images: Scaling JPEGs and PNGs

The Problem

The Context

The Existing Architecture

The Solution

Results

SinglePassReader

scalingGraphicsReader

transformReader

scaledInstanceReader

replicateScaleFilter

areaAveragingScaleFilter

imageIOReader

Conclusion

Text: Effects and Block Shadows

Applying To Text

Mouse Click Events: Adding Wiggle Room

Implementation

Shapes: Creating an Alternative to the Area Class

Shapes: Implementing a Freehand Pencil Tool (Vectorizers)

Results

Implementation

Other Resources

Images: BMPs and Thumbnails

Reading BMPs

Creating Thumbnails

Writing BMPs

Results

Images: Scaling Down

Filthy Rich Clients

A Different Solution

Before and After

Performance Comparison

Shapes: Bezier Control Points & Data Models

Data Models

Scaling Factor

Continuous Curves

Conclusion

Images: Reading JPEG Thumbnails

Discussion

Research

About the APP0 Block

About the APP1 Block

A Surprise Block

Results

Shapes: Parametric Equations (and Spirals!)

Parametric Equations and PathIterators

Spirals

Shapes: An Introduction

What is a java.awt.Shape?

OK, so what is a java.awt.geom.PathIterator?

Bezier Control Points

Quadratic Parametric Equations

Cubic Parametric Equations

Colors: A Good GUI for Selecting Colors

Dialogs

Palettes

Integrating Into A Window

Survey time! Please take a minute to comment.

Help Me Help You

Text: Prompts and Search Fields

Apple's Solution

Creating a RoundTextFieldUI

Using XSwingX

My Own Approach

Rob Camick's Approach

Conclusion

Text: Searching JTextComponents

Text Search Bars

Text Search Dialog

Searching Text

The Visuals

The TextHighlightSheet

SearchHighlight

Conclusion

Gradients: a Halftone Gradient

Halftone Gradients

Your Basic Options

Making a Tiled Pattern Not Tile

What is a `java.awt.Shape`?

OK, so what is a `java.awt.geom.PathIterator`?

Creating a `RoundTextFieldUI`

Using Small `AffineTransforms`